进修的近义词（人教版高中英语选修六Book）

Unit 5　 The power of nature

你校计划进行一次宣传活动,主题是保护人类共同的朋友——动物。现请你就此写一份宣传材料,内容包括动物的生存现状、动物对于人类的重要性等,并且在最后提出倡议。

Dear friends,

Have you noticed that the number of rare animals is on the decrease?With our environment going worse,many animals can't adapt themselves to the new changes so that many species are endangered or have even died out. Besides,human activity also has a great influence on them. For example,people often kill them in order to get their meat or fur.

Animals are our friends. They play an important role in keeping the balance of nature. We can't live without them. What's more,both humans and animals should share the earth equally. To show our love to animals can definitely help us live more happily.

To conclude,please remember your care can make a difference. Join us in protecting our best friends—animals.

1.文章体裁:议论文。

2.行文逻辑:引出话题→动物的生存现状、动物对人类的重要性→提出倡议。

3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如:on the decrease(在减少),adapt to(适应),die out(灭绝),have a great influence on(对……有重要影响),play an important role in(在……中扮演重要角色)等。

4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①with的复合结构作状语:With our environment going worse;②状语从句:so that many species are endangered or have even died out;③不定式作状语:in order to get their meat or fur等。

Ⅰ.单词荟萃

1.questionnaire n. 问卷;调查表

2.alongside adv.在旁边;沿着边 prep.在……旁边;沿着……的边

3.potential n.潜在性;可能性;潜能 adj.可能的;潜在的

4.precious adj.贵重的;珍贵的

5.tremble vi.摇晃;摇动;颤抖

6.panic(panicked,panicked) vi.& vt.惊慌 n.惊慌;恐慌

7.diverse adj.多种多样的;不同的→diversity n.多种多样;多样性

8.guarantee vt.保证;担保

9. erupt vi.(指火山)爆发;突然发生→eruption n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发

10.equipment n.设备;装备→equip vt.装备;配备

11.appoint vt.任命;委派→appointment n.约定;任命

12.evaluate vt.评估;评价;估计→evaluation n.评估

13.suit n.一套外衣;套装 vt.适合;使适宜→suitable adj.合适的

14.absolute adj.绝对的;完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地;完全地

15.uncomfortable adj.不舒服的;不舒适的→comfortable adj.(反义词)舒适的;舒服的

16.unconscious adj.失去知觉的;未察觉的→conscious adj.(反义词)意识到的;故意的;神志清醒的

17.shoot (shot,shot) vt.射中;射伤→shot n.射击;枪炮声

18.anxious adj.忧虑的;不安的→anxiety n.担心;焦虑;渴望

19.appreciation n.欣赏;感激;感谢→appreciate vt.欣赏;感激

20.persuasion n.信服;说服→persuade v.说服

Ⅱ.短语检测1. 　2.

3. 　4.

5. 　6. 　7. 8.

1.burn to the ground 全部焚毁

2.make one's way 前往

3.be enthusiastic about… 对……怀着热情

4.warn sb of danger 警告某人有危险

5.meet with碰到,遇到

6.be suitable for适合……

7.glance through匆匆看一遍

8.vary from…to… 由……到……不等

9.in panic 惊恐地

10.be anxious about 担忧……

11.have a gift for 有……的天赋

12.give birth to 生孩子,产生……

Ⅲ.佳句再现

1.现在分词作状语

___________________(收集和评估这些信息之后), I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.

2.固定句型:be about to do sth…when…刚要做某事……这时……

I ________________(刚要回去睡觉这时)suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.

3.独立主格结构

The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but ________________(这是我的第一次经历), I stayed at the top and watched them.

4.固定句型:It is said that…据说……

_______________ (据说) this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.

答案：1.Having collected and evaluated the information　

2.was about to go back to sleep when　3.this being my first experience　4. It is said that

【巧学助记】

构词法记忆

•形容词后缀-ful用于名词后,表示"充满……的, 有……性质的"

①mercy n.怜悯; 宽容→merciful adj.仁慈的,宽恕的

②colour n.颜色→colourful adj.多姿多彩的;鲜艳的

③success n.成功→successful adj.成功的

规律记忆

•"give+n.+to"型短语

①give birth to 产生

②give rise to造成; 引起,导致

③give credit to sb 称赞某人

④give access to接见,准许出入

⑤give way to让位于,转为

⑥give one's regards to向某人问好

单词点睛

●1 appoint 　vt. (to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility)任命;委派;(to fix or decide on sth)指定(时间、地点)

(1)appoint sb. as/to be…　任命某人为……

appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事

appoint sth. for sth. 为某事确定日期、场所等

(2)appointment n. 任命;约会

make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会

keep/break an appointment守/破坏约会

【活学活用】

(1)I have a tight schedule today, so let's appoint another day for the rest of our business.今天我的日程很满,因此我们再约一天来处理其余的事吧。

(2)When he graduated in 1900, he asked to be appointed as an assistant in the physics department but was refused.1900年毕业时,他曾经要求在物理系留任做助教,却被拒绝了。

(3)If you want to see the doctor, you'd better make an appointment with him in advance.如果你想看医生,最好事先跟他预约好。

(4)语法填空。

①Generally speaking, the time appointed ________________business can be on working hours.

②He was rather surprised to see them, as he knew nothing of their ________________(appoint).

③He ________________(appoint) as general manager for his rich experience as well as excellent educational background.

④Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her schooldays by a nurse ____________(appoint) to guard her.

答案：(4)①for　②appointment　③was appointed ④appointed

●2 suit 　n.一套外衣;套装 vt. (to be convenient for or acceptable to sb)适合;使适宜

(1)suit sth to sth 　　　使某物适合于另一事物

(2)be suited for/to… 适合做……; 适合于……

(3)be suitable for sb/sth 适合于某人/某物

be suitable to do… 适合做……

【易混辨析】suit, match与fit

suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、场合等。

match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。

fit多指大小、形状的合适。

【活学活用】

(1)A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.一个好的老师要使教学内容与其学生的年龄相适应。

(2)I can't think of two people (who are) more suited to each other than you and David.我认为没有人比你和戴维俩人更般配的了。

(3)语法填空。

①He bought a small notebook, which was very suitable _____________him while on business because of its convenience.

②Only in that way can you find jobs that are best suited_____________your abilities and interests.

③They'd soon be penniless and homeless if she couldn't find______________(suit) work.

④Jim and Mary seem______________ (suit) to each other, in spite of their quarrels.

(4)用match/fit/suit的适当形式填空。

①She _____________the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.

②When it comes to talking about football,his favourite sport,with David,any time will _________him.

③The colour of this pair of shoes ______________me very well,but it doesn't ______________me.

答案： (3)①for　②to　③suitable　④suited (4)①matches　②suit　③suits;fit

●3 anxious 　adj. (feeling worried; uneasy)忧患的;担心的;不舒服的;(strongly wishing sth; eager for sth.)渴望的

(1)be anxious about sth. 　为某事忧虑,担心

be anxious for sth. 渴望某事

be anxious to do… 渴望做……,急于做……

(2)anxiety n. 焦虑; 担心; 渴望

with anxiety 焦虑地

【活学活用】

(1)She was going upstairs when the telephone rang and she recognized the anxious voice of her neighbour, Carrie Nash. 她正要上楼,这时电话铃响了,她听出是邻居卡丽·纳什焦急不安的声音。

(2)He was most anxious to find a job so as not to have to depend on others.他非常想找个工作,以不再依靠他人。

(3)I am anxious about the parcel I mailed the other day because it hasn't arrived to my mother up to now.我对几天前邮寄的包裹很担心,因为到现在妈妈还未收到。

(4)语法填空。

①Watching him climb up the precipice, everybody was breathless_____________anxiety.

②The farmers were more anxious _____________rain than the people in the city because they had more at stake.

③It's natural for parents to be anxious _____________their children's future.

④As you know, everybody is anxious ____________(see) his article published as soon as possible.

⑤If you are worried about your health,share your _____________(anxious) with your doctor.

答案：(4)①with　②for　③about　④to see　⑤anxieties

●4 panic 　n.(a sudden irrational feeling of great fear)惊慌 vt. & vi. 惊慌,恐慌

(1)in panic 　惊慌失措地

get into a panic 陷入恐慌

(2)panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事

[温馨提示] panic的过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别为:panicked, panicked, panicking。

【活学活用】

(1)Rumours panicked many investors into selling their shares.谣言令许多投资者卖出他们的股份。

(2)She got into a panic when she thought she'd forgotten the ticket.她想起她忘记带入场券了,顿时惊慌起来。

(3)Whenever people make decisions when they are panicked(=_____________), the consequences are rarely pretty.每当人们在惊恐慌乱中做出决定时,结果往往都不太美妙。

(4)语法填空。

①Don't panic _____________your exams—I know you—I'm sure you'll do just fine.

②They ran away__________________________such a panic that they dropped their bags and shoes.

③The_____________ (panic) father begged the soldiers to take the baby to safety on higher ground.

答案：(4)①with　②for　③about　④to see　⑤anxieties

●5 guarantee 　vt.保证,向某人担保 n.保证;保证书,保修单

(1)guarantee sb. sth. 　　　保证某人某事

guarantee to do sth. 保证/担保做某事

guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证/担保某事

(2)give sb. a guarantee that…向某人保证……

under guarantee 在保修期内

【活学活用】

(1)Age is no guarantee of efficiency. Youth is no guarantee of innovation.年龄大并不保证效率高。年轻也不保证会创新。

(2)Even if you complete your training, I can't guarantee you a job.即使你接受完培训,我也不能保证你会有工作。

(3)Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time?你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗?

(4)The car is less than a year old, so it is still _____________.这辆汽车用了还不满一年, 因此仍在保修期内。

(5)语法填空。

①The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still _____________guarantee.

②He gave me a guarantee____________he would finish the task within three days.

③Going out with friends_____________(guarantee) to cheer you up, especially when you are in low spirits.

④This dictionary is an improvement and expansion from all existing dictionaries, _______(guarantee) to be the best.

⑤The new leader promised senior citizens that the reforms would not cut their ______(guarantee) benefits.

答案： (4)under guarantee 　(5)①under　②that　③is guaranteed　④guaranteed　⑤guaranteed

短语储存

●1 make one's way 　前往;成功,发迹

feel one's way 　　摸索着前行

fight/push one's way 推挤着前行

wind one's way 蜿蜒向前

lose one's way 迷路

find one's way 找到出路

force one's way out 挤出去;冲出去

push one's way in 挤进去

【活学活用】

(1)The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot.医院遭到轰炸,汉斯步行回到了西德。

(2)He walked along the lane and made his way to the cave. Worried about meeting beasts, he walked quickly.他沿着小路向山洞走去,担心遇到野兽,他加快了脚步。

(3)This scientist had worked hard at this new material for 10 years before he made his own way in the end.这位科学家研制这种新材料达10年之久才终于成功了。

(4)语法填空。

①As soon as he saw us,Henry made his way ____________the crowd to greet us personally.

②I looked up and noticed a snake ____________(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

③I saw an old man____________(make) his way with difficulty with a bag of vegetables in his hand.

答案：(4)①through　②winding　③making

●2 vary from…to…　由……到……不等

vary with… 　　　　　　随……而变化

vary in size/colour 大小/颜色不一样

vary between…and… 由……到……不等; 在……到……之间变动

a variety of/varieties of=various多种多样的

【巧学助记】

There are a variety of animals and plants in the world. They vary in shape and size and exist in many parts of the world. But for various reasons,some of them are dying out.世界上有各种各样的动物和植物。它们在形态和大小上各有不同,并且分布在世界上许多地方。但是由于各种各样的原因,它们中的一些正在逐渐灭亡。

【活学活用】

(1)The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today.《灰姑娘》的原作与我们今天熟知的迪斯尼版本有很大不同。

(2)The air pressure varies with the height, and the water pressure varies with the depth.气压随着高度变化,水压随着深度变化。

(3)The buildings in this city vary between very old and very new.这个城市的建筑物差别很大,有的很旧,有的很新。

(4)语法填空。

①Office hours vary____________company to company and country to country.

②Rooms vary ____________size and some are equipped with the television and telephone.

③The prices of some vegetables vary____________the season.

④The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss____________(vary) issues.

⑤Every solid object will reflect a sound,____________(vary) according to the size and nature of the object.

答案：(4)①from　②in　③with　④various　⑤varying

句型透视

●1 The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study,but this being my first experience,I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,但我是第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。

句型公式

独立主格结构:n./pron.+v.-ing/v.-ed/to do/adj./adv./prep.

【句式点拨】

this being my first experience是独立主格结构。独立主格结构主要由"n./pron.+v.-ing/v.-ed/to do/adj./adv./prep."构成。此结构中,名词或代词起着逻辑主语的作用,其他部分表示状态、状况或动作。独立主格结构本身不是句子,但在语意上相当于一个句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。

【相关拓展】

(1)独立分词结构:名词或代词主格+分词

如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,则使用表示主动意义的现在分词;如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则使用表示被动意义的过去分词。如:

The guide leading the way,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路,我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。

He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。

(2)独立不定式结构:名词或代词主格+不定式

在独立不定式结构中,如果名词或代词主格是不定式动作的执行者,则两者在逻辑上存在主谓关系,用不定式的主动形式;如果名词或代词主格是不定式动作的承受者,则两者在逻辑上存在动宾关系,用不定式的被动形式。如:

Nobody to help us tomorrow, we can't finish our task ahead of time.明天没有人来帮忙,我们不可能提前完成任务。

More presents to be given, she will find it difficult to accept.再多给她一些礼物,她就会觉得很难接受。

(3)名词或代词主格+形容词(副词、名词、介词短语) 如:

The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.特洛伊人睡着了,于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。

The meeting over, the headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.两百人死于这场事故,其中有许多儿童。

Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house,a vast load of firewood on her back.每天下午,一个背着一大堆柴火的老妇人都会从那座破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。

(4)There/It/This/That being+名词/代词主格

这是独立主格结构的一种特殊形式,在意义上表示存在,充当原因状语或条件状语,其中的being不能省略。如:

There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语)

It being such a fine day,our family decided to take a trip to the city of Hangzhou.因为天气晴朗,我们一家人决定到杭州旅行。(原因状语)

【活学活用】

(1)This being his first visit there,he found a great deal to interest him.由于这是他首次到那儿参观,他发现许多让他感兴趣的东西。

(2)___________ in the classroom, the pupils began to talk freely.由于教室里没有老师,学生们开始自由交谈。

(3)语法填空。

①Time ____________(permit), students can find a part-time job to decrease the burden of their family.

②Much time ____________(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

③There ____________(be) no light,we had to feel our way in the dark.

④I never dreamed of there ____________(be) such a good hotel in this town.

(4)一句多译。

①___________in the house facing the street, so no neighbours' glances were to be feared from across the street or at the side.(并列句)

②____________in the house facing the street, no neighbours' glances were to be feared from across the street or at the side.(独立主格)整座房子只有这一扇窗子是临街的,因此无论从对面或是从侧面都不必担心邻居的窥视。

答案：(2)There being no teacher　(3)①permitting　②spent　③being　④being (4)①This was the only window　②This being the only window

●2 It is said that this boy,who had a great gift for languages and persuasion,is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先,他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。

句型公式

It is said that…据说……

【句式点拨】

It is said that…意为"据说……",it为形式主语,指代that 引导的从句。该结构还可以变为"sb is said to do…"的结构。使用时注意不定式的一般式、进行式及完成式在句子中的变化。

【相关拓展】

It is thought that…大家认为……

It is believed that…人们相信……

It is hoped that…人们希望……

It is reported that…据报道……

It is well known that…众所周知……

It is generally considered that…大家认为……

It is supposed that…据推测……

【活学活用】

(1)It is said that everybody has the same bad habit: the more we like someone, the more we will tease him or her.据说,每个人都有一个同样的坏毛病:越是喜欢谁,就越爱欺负谁。

(2)It is said that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.

→She is said to have written a report about wildlife protection the other day.

据说前几天她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。(据说已经……)

(3)It is said that she will go abroad for further study next month.

→She is said____________for further study next month.

据说她下个月要出国进修。(据说要……)

(4)It is said that she is writing a report about wildlife protection at present.

→She is said ____________a report about wildlife protection at present.

据说她目前正在写一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。(据说正在……)

(5)一句多译。

①____________a number of the paintings in this castle were destroyed in a big fire in 2009.

②A number of the paintings in this castle ____________have been destroyed in a big fire in 2009.

人们相信这座城堡里大量的画在2009年的一场大火里被毁掉了。